American Civil War in the West - 1863-1865

American Civil War in the West - 1863-1865 The Tullahoma Campaign As Grant was directing tasks against Vicksburg, the American Civil War in the West proceeded in Tennessee. In June, in the wake of stopping in Murfreesboro for about a half year, Maj. Gen. William Rosecrans started moving against Gen. Braxton Braggs Army of Tennessee at Tullahoma, TN. Directing a splendid battle of move, Rosecrans had the option to turn Bragg out of a few cautious positions, compelling him to relinquish Chattanooga and driving him from the state. Clash of Chickamauga Fortified by Lt. Gen. James Longstreets corps from the Army of Northern Virginia and a division from Mississippi, Bragg laid a snare for Rosecrans in the slopes of northwestern Georgia. Propelling south, the Union general experienced Braggs armed force at Chickamauga on September 18, 1863. Battling started vigorously the next day when Union Maj. Gen. George H. Thomas assaulted Confederate soldiers on his front. For the majority of the day, battling flooded here and there the lines with each side assaulting and counterattacking. On the morning of the twentieth, Bragg endeavored to flank Thomas position at Kelly Field, with little achievement. Because of the bombed assaults, he requested a general ambush on the Union lines. Around 11:00 AM, disarray prompted a hole opening in the Union line as units were moved to help Thomas. As Maj. Gen. Alexander McCook was endeavoring to plug the hole, Longstreets corps assaulted, abusing the opening and steering the traditional of Rosecrans armed force. Withdrawing with his men, Rosecrans withdrew the field leaving Thomas in order. Excessively vigorously drew in to withdrawal, Thomas solidified his corps around Snodgrass Hill and Horseshoe Ridge. From these positions his soldiers beat off various Confederate attacks before falling back under the front of obscurity. This gallant resistance earned Thomas the moniker The Rock of Chickamauga. In the battling, Rosecrans endured 16,170 setbacks, while Braggs armed force acquired 18,454. Attack of Chattanooga Shocked by the annihilation at Chickamauga, Rosecrans withdrew right back to Chattanooga. Bragg followed and involved the high ground around the city adequately putting the Army of the Cumberland under attack. Toward the west, Maj. Gen. Ulysses S. Award was resting with his military close to Vicksburg. On October 17, he was provided order of the Military Division of the Mississippi and control of every single Union armed force in the West. Moving rapidly, Grant supplanted Rosecrans with Thomas and attempted to revive gracefully lines to Chattanooga. This done, he moved 40,000 men under Maj. Gens. William T. Sherman and Joseph Hooker east to fortify the city. As Grant was emptying troops into the region, Bragg numbers were diminished when Longstreets corps was requested away for a battle around Knoxville, TN. Clash of Chattanooga On November 24, 1863, Grant started tasks to drive Braggs armed force away from Chattanooga. Assaulting at sunrise, Hookers men drove Confederate powers from Lookout Mountain south of the city. Battling here finished around 3:00 PM when ammo came up short and a substantial mist encompassed the mountain, winning the take on the epithet Conflict Above the Clouds. At the opposite stopping point, Sherman propelled taking Billy Goat Hill at the north finish of the Confederate position. The next day, Grant got ready for Hooker and Sherman to flank Braggs line, permitting Thomas to progress up the substance of Missionary Ridge in the inside. As the day advanced, the flank assaults got stalled. Feeling that Bragg was debilitating his middle to strengthen his flanks, Grant requested Thomas men to push ahead to ambush the three lines of Confederate channels on the edge. Subsequent to making sure about the primary line, they were nailed somewhere around fire from the staying two. Ascending, Thomas men, without orders, proceeded up the slant, reciting Chickamauga! Chickamauga! what's more, down and out the focal point of Braggs lines. With no decision, Bragg requested the military to withdraw back to Dalton, GA. Because of his destruction, President Jefferson Davis soothed Bragg and supplanted him with Gen. Joseph E. Johnston. Changes in Command In March 1964, President Abraham Lincoln elevated Grant to lieutenant general and set him in incomparable order of every Union armed force. Leaving Chattanooga, Grant gave order to Maj. Gen. William T. Sherman. A long-term and confided in subordinate of Grants, Sherman promptly made arrangements for driving on Atlanta. His order comprised of three armed forces which were to work in show: the Army of the Tennessee, under Maj. Gen. James B. McPherson, the Army of the Cumberland, under Maj. Gen. George H. Thomas, and the Army of the Ohio, under Maj. Gen. John M. Schofield. The Campaign for Atlanta Moving southeast with 98,000 men, Sherman originally experienced Johnstons 65,000-man armed force close to Rocky Face Gap in northwest Georgia. Moving around Johnstons position, Sherman next met the Confederates at Resaca on May 13, 1864. Subsequent to neglecting to break Johnstons safeguards outside the town, Sherman again walked around his flank and constrained the Confederates to fall back. Through the rest of May, the Sherman consistently moved Johnston back towards Atlanta with fights happening at Adairsville, New Hope Church, Dallas, and Marietta. On June 27, with the streets too sloppy to even think about stealing a walk on the Confederates, Sherman endeavored to assault their situations close Kennesaw Mountain. Rehashed attacks neglected to take the Confederate entrenchments and Shermans men fell back. By July 1, the streets had improved permitting Sherman to again move around Johnstons flank, dislodging him from his entrenchments. The Battles for Atlanta On July 17, 1864, tired of Johnstons steady withdraws, President Jefferson Davis provided order of the Army of Tennessee to the aggressive Lt. Gen. John Bell Hood. The new administrators first move was toâ attack Thomas armed force close Peachtree Creek, upper east of Atlanta. A few decided attacks struck the Union lines, yet were at last totally rebuffed. Hood next pulled back his powers to the inward resistances of the city trusting Sherman would follow and free himself up to assault. On July 22, Hoodâ assaulted McPhersons Army of the Tennesseeâ on the Union left. After the assault made starting progress, moving up the Union line, it was halted by massed ordnance and counterattacks. McPherson was murdered in the battling and supplanted with Maj. Gen. Oliver O. Howard. Incapable to enter the Atlanta resistances from the north and east, Sherman moved toward the west of the city however was obstructed by the Confederates at Ezra Churchâ on July 28. Sherman next chose to compel Hood from Atlanta by cutting the railways and flexibly lines into the city. Pulling nearly of his powers from around the city, Sherman walked on Jonesborough toward the south. On August 31, Confederate troopsâ attacked the Union positionâ but were handily determined away. The following day Union soldiers counterattacked and got through the Confederate lines. As his men fell back, Hood understood that the reason was lost and started emptying Atlanta the evening of September 1. His military withdrew west towards Alabama. In the crusade, Shermans armed forces endured 31,687 losses, while the Confederates under Johnston and Hood had 34,979. Clash of Mobile Bay As Sherman was surrounding Atlanta, the US Navy was directing tasks against Mobile, AL. Driven by Rear Admiral David G. Farragut, fourteen wooden warships and four screens ran past Forts Morgan and Gaines at the mouth of Mobile Bay and assaulted the ironclad CSS Tennessee and three gunboats. In doing as such, they went close to a torpedo (mine) field, which asserted the screen USS Tecumseh. Seeing the screen sink, the boats before Farraguts lead stopped, making him broadly shout Damn the torpedoes! No holding back! Going ahead into the inlet, his armada caught CSS Tennessee and shut the port to Confederate delivery. The triumph, combined with the fall of Atlanta, extraordinarily helped Lincoln in his re-appointment battle that November. Franklin Nashville Campaign While Sherman rested his military at Atlanta, Hood arranged another battle intended to cut the Union flexibly lines back to Chattanooga. He moved west into Alabama planning to bring Sherman into following, before turning north towards Tennessee. To counter Hoods developments, Sherman dispatched Thomas and Schofield back north to ensure Nashville. Walking independently, Thomas showed up first. Hood seeing that the Union powers were separated, moved to overcome them before they could think. Skirmish of Franklin On November 29, Hood about caught Schofields power close to Spring Hill, TN, yet the Union general had the option to remove his men from the snare and arrive at Franklin. After showing up they involved fortresses on the edges of town. Hood showed up the next day and propelled an enormous frontal ambush on the Union lines. Some of the time alluded to as the Picketts Charge of the West, the assault was rebuffed with overwhelming losses and six Confederate commanders dead. Skirmish of Nashville The triumph at Franklin permitted Schofield to arrive at Nashville and rejoin Thomas. Hood, in spite of the injured state of his military, sought after and showed up outside the city on December 2. Safe in the citys protections, Thomas gradually arranged for the up and coming fight. Under gigantic tension from Washington to polish off Hood, Thomas at last assaulted on December 15. Following two days of ambushes, Hoods armed force disintegrated and broke down, adequately annihilated as a battling power. Shermans March to the Sea With Hood involved in Tennessee, Sherman arranged his crusade to take Savannah. Accepting the Confederacy would possibly give up if its ability for making war was demolished, Sherman requested his soldiers to direct a complete singed earth battle, decimating everything in their way. Leaving Atlanta

Marriot Being a Marketer Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Marriot Being a Marketer - Case Study Example The advertiser offers phenomenal situating and division to the global business element. The advertiser uses a few showcasing techniques for his objective market and offers the perfect division for all the business endeavors far and wide. The advertiser gives more fixation on the buyer than some other component to make the business a triumph. He uses showcase inquires about too acquire criticism that is normally used in the arrangement of the best administrations inside the worldwide business. Key advertising Issues Market explore Marriott uses statistical surveying to manage certain promoting issues or make upper hands towards its rivals. The global uses various techniques to gather data for showcase assessments. Determining strategies Marriott uses unique guaging methods for various brands offered inside its business domain. Markets-Marriott is a business-to-shopper advertise since it includes customers and buyers of items without the aim of increasing any benefits from the offered types of assistance. Market focusing on Marriott uses three procedures in advertise focusing for its items. The three methodologies are concentrated, separated and undifferentiated objective techniques. Market situating Marriott has effectively situated its items in the considerations of its shoppers by giving items that viably address their wants. Situating has likewise helped Marriott in showcasing division in a few different ways. Market division Marriott portions its market as needs be to suit all shoppers visiting its lodgings everywhere throughout the globe. Division has widely done to amass customers as indicated by their requirements and inclinations. Individual Case Analysis Marriot case presents the fundamental and most basic ideas in the market procedures. The case presents the troubles that an advertiser experiences to keep the business running. Market focusing on, division, and situating offer the advertiser with the best procedures to maintain the business. Marriott ge ts an immense piece of the overall industry by working on disparate nations around the world. Case Questions 1. How is Marriott portioning the market for inn administrations? Showcasing division offers unique or particular gatherings of buyers with homogenous necessities and attributes (Shoba 1). Marriott has adequately sectioned the market into Marriott and Renaissance buyers who bear different inclinations. Renaissance clients introduced the inclination to open the windows up and look outside upon appearance in their introduced rooms. The clients who invested their energy inside the Marriott’s property demonstrated enthusiasm for undertaking different cutting edge exercises, for example, video conferencing. Marriott has reacted to this call through the organization of hardware, for example, the latest account and correspondence devices inside the gathering places. The property has made an association with AT&T just as Cisco to give virtual gathering offices. Marriott ha s likewise introduced another section inside its brands that comprise of clients and business voyagers cognizant about the earth. Marriott has reacted to this section through the advancement of model green lodgings. The lodging brands bearing these green inns are intended to hold common spaces, and visitor’s room that are increasingly arranged towards safeguarding water, and vitality than the prior renditions. Marriott brand with the green inns targets working in biological system cordial environs. The inns in this portion offer cushions made from reused paper and key cards created out of reused plastics. The achievers fill in as one more of the numerous sections that Marriott has created.

How to Find an Intensive OCD Treatment Program

How to Find an Intensive OCD Treatment Program OCD Treatment Print How to Find an Intensive OCD Treatment Program Seeking Help for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder By Owen Kelly, PhD Updated on February 14, 2020 BSIP / UIG / Getty Images More in OCD Treatment Causes Symptoms and Diagnosis Types Living With OCD Related Conditions Although many effective medical and psychological treatments are available for obsessive-compulsive disorder  (OCD),  not all OCD treatments work for everybody. Unfortunately, for some people, nothing seems to be effective. This is known as treatment-resistant OCD.?? To combat this, a number of intensive residential and inpatient treatment programs have been developed. Intensive Treatment Programs The main feature of intensive treatment programs is interdisciplinary care that incorporates the joint expertise of physicians, psychologists, nurses, social workers, occupational therapists and other health professionals to design individualized treatment plans aimed at managing OCD symptoms that have proven difficult to treat using standard therapies. In addition, these programs usually involve staying in the hospital for a specified period of time. While some programs require admission to the hospital for up to three months, other programs may only require admission for a few weeks or even just a weekend. These extended stays allow medications to be adjusted while under expert medical supervision, as well as provide many opportunities to undertake cognitive-behavioral therapy  (CBT). While extended programs may offer the most hope for long term management of OCD, studies have shown that even a 5-day intensive inpatient program can be very helpful for adolescents with OCD.?? Other studies have found programs as short as 3 weeks very helpful as well.?? Typically, you must have already tried other treatments without success, including outpatient therapy, in order to qualify for admission to an intensive treatment program. People who are admitted to intensive treatment programs often have other diagnoses to deal with as well, such as depression, an eating disorder like anorexia or bulimia, generalized anxiety disorder, or bipolar disorder.?? Available Intensive Treatment Programs There are two types of intensive treatment programs available, inpatient and residential: Inpatient treatment programs  are for people who may be in danger of harming themselves or others and need immediate care. Admission to the hospital for a select period of time helps avert the medical crisis and get the patient on the right track and to the next step of treatment.   Residential treatment programs  are for people who are not a risk to themselves or others, but have not responded well to typical OCD treatments and need extra help. Residential programs typically take place in a home-like environment where a person stays for a prescribed period of time  and receives 24-hour care. The program typically lasts around 60 days  but can vary from person to person. When Is It Time to Look for an Intensive OCD Treatment Program? If medication and outpatient psychotherapy havent worked for you or your loved one, and OCD symptoms are taking over your life and making it difficult to function, it might be time to look into an intensive OCD treatment program. Having suicidal thoughts despite treatment should prompt you to consider this option. Unfortunately, suicide among people with OCD is far too common,?? and addressing issues such as worsening symptoms may be thought of as a medical emergency, not just a problem that is lowering your quality of life. Intensive treatment may also be considered when comprehensive multidisciplinary care is not readily available. The combination of cognitive-behavioral therapy plus medications can be logistically difficult for some children and families due to the lack of therapists trained in the management of OCD or due to geographical or financial barriers. Residential care in these circumstances allows for rapid and evidence-based delivery of effective care. In the pediatric setting, studies have found that short (1 to 2 weeks) intensive and evidence-based residential therapy followed by e-therapy can have dramatic effects for children coping with OCD.?? Find a Program The International OCD Foundation has compiled a list of intensive OCD treatment programs and organized them by geographic location. In most cases, a referral from your family doctor or psychiatrist is necessary to be admitted to a program. You may need to talk to your health insurance company to find out if your insurance will cover this treatment and how much of the cost they will cover. Residents of Canada should note that these intensive OCD treatment programs are often covered by provincial health insurance plans. The 9 Best Online Therapy Programs

Article Analysis Living Life Without Traveling

In a 2011 Catholic US Expert Eyewitness editor’s interview, Rick Steves summarizes the importance of travel in a simple and elegant quote stating â€Å"living life without traveling is like having a good book and never turning the page.† Within the interview Steves stresses the importance of travel for all beings, citing the immense individual growth that stems from what he defines as â€Å"good travel.† Becoming a good traveler, according to Steves, means fitting in and learning to appreciate and understand the cultures of the individuals that surround you when traveling. Politically and spiritually, Steves finds this type of travel to be a stimulating experience that enlightens one to a wide array of virtues and cultures that range from exciting and thought provoking to even depressing. However, while Steves notes the positives that precipitate from the aforementioned good travel, he also expresses his disappointment in the many Americans who fail to partake in this enlightened practice. Instead, driven by short term goals and individual economic success, Steves notes many people refrain entirely from travel, or simply choose to travel in a demanding and ethnocentric manner. According to Steves, this self-perpetuating cycle of individuality and greed mirrors the larger image of societal values today. Unfortunately, such values promote the sacrifice of economic justice, and global common good on behalf individual gains. However, for Steves, through good travel the intertwiningShow MoreRelatedHow A Man Copes With Life Unrealized Essay1474 Words   |  6 PagesHow a Man Copes with Life Unrealized (Death) â€Å"The Metamorphosis,† by Franz Kafka is a written expression of a man’s struggle with a life of unsatisfactory expectations. 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Profile of Richard Kuklinski

Richard Kuklinski was one of the most diabolical, and notorious, confessed contract killers in American history. He took the credit for over 200 murders while working for various mafia families, including the murder of Jimmy Hoffa. Because of his sheer number of kills, as well as his approach to killing, many believe he should be considered a serial killer. Kuklinskis Childhood Years Richard Leonard Kuklinski was born in the projects in Jersey City, New Jersey to Stanley and Anna Kuklinski. Stanley was a severely abusive alcoholic who beat his wife and children. Anna was also abusive to her children, sometimes beating them with broom handles. In 1940, Stanleys beatings resulted in the death of Kuklinskis old brother, Florian. Stanley and Anna hid the cause of the childs death from the authorities, saying he had fallen down a flight of steps. By the age of 10, Richard Kuklinski was filled with rage and began acting out. For fun, he would torture animals, and by the age of 14, he had committed his first murder. Taking a steel clothing rod from his closet, he ambushed Charlie Lane, a local bully, and leader of a small gang who had picked on him. Unintentionally he beat Lane to death. Kuklinski felt remorse for Lanes death for a brief period, but then saw it as a way to feel powerful and in control. He then went on and nearly beat to death the remaining six gang members. Early Adulthood By his early twenties, Kuklinski had earned the reputation as being an explosive, tough street hustler who would beat or kill those who he didnt like or who offended him. According to Kuklinski, it was during this time that his association with Roy DeMeo, a member of the Gambino Crime Family, was established. As his work with DeMeo advanced his ability to be an effective killing machine was recognized. According to Kuklinski, he became a favorite hitman for the mob, resulting in the deaths of at least 200 people. The use of cyanide poison became one of his favorite weapons as well as guns, knives, and chainsaws. Brutality and torture would often precede death for many of his victims. This included his description of causing his victims to bleed, then tying them up in rat-infested areas. The rats attracted to the smell of blood would eventually eat the men alive. The Family Man Barbara Pedrici saw Kuklinski as a sweet, giving man and the two married and had three children. Much like his father, Kuklinski, who was 6 4 and weighing over 300 pounds, began to beat and terrorize Barbara and the children. On the outside, however, the Kuklinski family was admired by neighbors and friends as being happy and well adjusted. The Beginning of the End Eventually, Kuklinski started making mistakes, and the New Jersey State Police were watching him. When three associates of Kuklinskis turned up dead, a task force was organized with the New Jersey authorities and the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms. Special Agent Dominick Polifrone went undercover and spent a year, and a half-disguised as a hit man and eventually met and gained Kuklinskis trust. Kuklinski bragged to the agent about his proficiency with cyanide and boasted about freezing a corpse to mask his time of death. Afraid Polifrone would soon become another of Kuklinskis victims; the task force moved quickly after taping some of his confessions and getting him to agree to do a hit with Polifrone. On December 17, 1986, Kuklinski was arrested and charged with five counts of murder which involved two trials. He was found guilty in the first trial and reached an agreement in the second trial and was sentenced to two life sentences. He was sent to Trenton State Prison, where his brother was serving a life sentence for the rape and murder of a 13-year-old girl. Enjoying the Fame While in prison, he was interviewed by HBO for a documentary called The Iceman Confesses, then later by author Anthony Bruno, who wrote the book The Iceman as a follow-up to the documentary. In 2001, he was interviewed again by HBO for another documentary called The Iceman Tapes: Conversations With a Killer. It was during these interviews that Kuklinski confessed to several cold-blooded murders and spoke of his ability to detach himself emotionally from his own brutality. When on the subject of his family he uncharacteristically showed emotions when describing the love he felt towards them. Kuklinski Blames Childhood Abuse When asked why he had become one of the most diabolical mass murderers in history, he cast blame on his fathers abuse and admitted the one thing he was sorry for was for not killing him. Questionable Confessions Authorities do not buy everything Kuklinski claimed during the interviews. Witnesses for the government who were part of DeMeos group said Kuklinski was not involved in any murders for DeMeo. They also question the number of murders he claimed to have committed. His Suspicious Death On March 5, 2006, Kuklinski, age 70, died of unknown causes. His death came suspiciously around the same time he was scheduled to testify against Sammy Gravano. Kuklinski was going to testify that Gravano hired him to kill a police officer in the 1980s. Charges against Gravano were dropped after Kuklinskis death because of insufficient evidence. Kuklinski and the Hoffa Confession In April 2006, it was reported that Kuklinski had confessed to author Philip Carlo that he and four men had kidnapped and murdered union boss Jimmy Hoffa. In an interview aired on CNNs Larry King Live, Carlo discussed the confession in detail, explaining that Kuklinski was part of a five-member team. Under the direction of Tony Provenzano, a captain in the Genovese crime family, he kidnapped and murdered Hoffa in a restaurant parking lot in Detroit. Also on the program was Barbara Kuklinski and her daughters, who spoke about the abuse and fear they suffered at the hands of Kuklinski. There was one telling moment which described the true depth of Kuklinskis sociopathic brutality. One of the daughters, described as Kuklinskis favorite child, told of her fathers attempt to get her to understand, when she was 14, why if he killed Barbara during a fit of rage, he would also have to kill her and her brother and sister.

Poor and Rich in Society Free Essays

â€Å"It is the duty of the strong to protect the weak There are many things and people in this world that is classified as the strong like for example, nations, individuals†¦.. but then there are many things and people in this world that is classified as the weak. We will write a custom essay sample on Poor and Rich in Society or any similar topic only for you Order Now This term is commonly view as the unemployed, 3rd world countries, physically disable†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Thousands and thousands of university students graduate each year. Yet despite, the fancy gowns and certificate, nearly most of them struggle to find a job due to the huge amount of candidates and competitions for this portion of the population they are very dependent on benefit. Yet for people who are very stable and moneyed think that taxes goes to people that can’t sort them self out. In today’s society, we have a fixed idea of sterotype, like the homeless for example, they are dirty, slopy, useless†¦. these views are common, especially if they try to look for a job. Most of the time these fixed views is made by the strong. A homeless person can be anyone, how they became homeless depends on their own story. If someone who has a stable job, a large amount of saving and their own keys to their own front doors, and are willing to gamble all that away because of their own stupidity, then of course is their own doing. But if someone who is willing and tried and tried yet still they have not succeeded, then yes, the strong must help the weak. As time passes everyone grows old, for people who could afford a pension can have a secure life until the very end, but for the other half it’s entirely different story. Old people are normally physically weak. For some they don’t even have a family or money so again it’s the duty of the strong to help the weak. Christians would agree with this statement because take the good of symaraphan for example, a man was robed, several people walked pass and at the end a person helped him and he wasn’t one of those people who was at high position of the church just a normal ordinary person. Some people think that making money is the main purpose of their lives; this goes against Christian teaching. Christianity says that having money is wrong if money becomes the main focus of a person’s life, or is gained dishonestly. In recent years the Christian churches have concerned themselves more with issues such as poverty and the fairer distribution of wealth in the world. A few very rich nations own most of the world’s wealth and therefore resources of all kinds are not distributed equally Muslims would also agree with this statement because one of the pilgrims is called zakah, zakah is 2. 5% of a Muslim’s income and savings after they have taken care of their families. The rich pay more than those with less money and very poor people pay nothing at all. Muslims can also give voluntary charitable donations called sadaqah when someone is in need. I agree with this statement because the more unable you are the less likely that chances will come, unless some sort of assistance is given. In conclusion, I believe the statement is base on individual thoughts because depending on the life style of the person the way they think also varies as well. By: emma. ritz How to cite Poor and Rich in Society, Essay examples

Corporate Convergence and Its Effect on the Music Industry free essay sample

Since its creation and early days, the music industry, recording methods and channels of distribution have changed many times over. What began as a simple invention has blossomed in time to be a billion dollar industry spanning multiple channels of media to include television, movies and theater as well. With incidences such as corporate convergence and the more recent processes of digital distribution, the industry itself has had to evolve to keep up with the times.To some, Thomas Edison Is considered to be the first recording artist. HIS phonograph was first device that could actually reproduce the recorded sound. Additionally, Editions workshop has been stated to be one of the most successful illustrations of media convergence to date, with the invention of the phonograph, together with wireless and cameras, as well as the power to run them (Olive. 2012). Technology quickly advanced, improvements were made to the phonograph and before long the gramophone was invented, the record album was born, and history being made. We will write a custom essay sample on Corporate Convergence and Its Effect on the Music Industry or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page By the late sasss and the early uses, home phonograph systems were very common. With the entertainment and music Industry galling popularity, those that could afford the systems enjoyed listening to the recorded music in their homes. During the mid sasss, the emergence of the radio/phonograph set with automatic record changers brought about an early example of converged technology and showed that radio and the recording industry could survive together. After WI, the recording methods changed and 78 sized records were phased out as asss and Lips became more popular.Recording onto these types of records were the popular method through the sasss, with the technology of the turntable advancing to be a very precise Instrument. The sound they delivered were great for the time, but the fragility of the record album, and its ability to scratch fairly easily and ruin the sound, brought about yet another change in the recording industry. The next changeover came along with the appearance of the eight-track and cassette tapes. The ability to record on theses smaller magnetic tapes helped to make music more portable.Instead of having only the radio to listen to while driving, the option of being able to install an eight track or cassette player appealed to nonusers, allowing them to carry their favorite recorded songs with them to listen to as they please. Additionally, home stereo equipment evolved again and sound systems with multiple playb ack features were created, showing another example of technological convergence. As time passed, recording methods changed again and the CD became the more popular mode of distribution.Throughout those years, although the methods of recording, distribution and play back changed with technology, the recording industry itself was coming into being a big money maker 1 OFF musicians usually started out by playing in local clubs and hot spots. They would take on Jobs and gigs to gain both experience and exposure, hoping to get noticed and have the next big hit. For some the big break would come when asked to open up for a larger more recognized artist or band; that was a sure fire way to be seen by record labels who could potentially sign them on and promote their music.There were many small record labels that started out during the early days of radio such as Stab records (originally Satellite Records), located in Memphis, as well as Mouton Records in Detroit, each recording different genres of music. Countless there emerged throughout the country as well as abroad, including the Beetles own Apple Records, with which they recorded and produced their own albums. These smaller labels partnered with the larger record companies for their distribution channels. By early sasss the five major record labels were Columbia, RCA Victor, Decca, Capitol and Mercury (Copper, 2012).In 1970 WEE was formed under Warner Communications. This partnership between three labels, Warner, Elektra and Atlantic, created a huge distribution operation and is another example of corporate convergence. By the mid sasss all of the major labels were owned by a very few multinational companies under the control of corporate umbrella called a music groups, which were owned by international conglomerates. As of 2005, the Big Four Sony, MI, Universal Music Group, WEE, controlled approximately 70% of the Normals music distribution market.These Big Four music group companies are also involved in other aspects of media, such as television, radio and movie production, once again showing media convergence in the corporate world. Within the recording industry itself there are many key roles for traditional music recording and striation. The artist, who writes the tune and lyrics, the AR who finds the talent; the record label then produces the album which is next sent to packaging. Rhea marketing department gets the word out to the masses and gets the album in the stores. However, with the advent of the internet, the traditional model of music distribution is changing.Disintermediation has changed the need for some of these roles, as artists can now record their own music with the help of some computer software and technological devices. Their songs can be uploaded to websites such s tunes and Youth and they can become overnight success stories. Such was the case for Justine Briber and Seems Tenders, both Youth sensations. The help of the internet distribution channel allows for artists to bypass some of the steps in the traditional method of music production, and has allowed some to shoot right up the top of the charts. He arrival of digital recording onto Cads helped to shape new distribution channels and changed the music industry completely. Not long after the innovation of the method of digital recording, the internet became another channel of digital striation of music. The development of one of the first MPH players, the ROI, sparked consumer interest in portable digital music. This new interest brought about a popular trend that took place during the early sasss, that of peer to peer and illegal file sharing.The creation of Anapest, the most famous of the APP file sharing network websites, produced entertainment and copyright lawsuits and the demands of music availability online increased, more digital outlets emerged which led to the closures of many of the traditional record album and CD stores. The local cord stores, which were once the hot spots for young teens during the sasss, have become a thing of the past. Instead, todays teens are on their computers or mobile devices, seeking out w ebsites such as Youth or tunes, looking for the latest hits. The internet has aided in the convergence of media and technology, made possible through high speed internet access, and has become a major distribution channel for the music industry (New York Times, 2003). Web retailers such as Amazon. Com allow for more choices and availability for the consumer and their listening preferences. Without the need to keep open expensive shelf space for the popular artists Cads, they have the ability to carry many more titles than a traditional brick and mortar store could ever be able to offer their customers.With the addition of Amazon Cloud Music, listeners can configure playbills, rate, review and share with their friends via social networking websites (Matrix, 2011). Consumers have easily conformed to this new distribution channel, as it allows not only the purchase of a traditional CD if one is willing to wait for its arrival in the mail, but also the purchase of digital music for instant download to our computers and mobile music devices or to t he cloud. tunes is also one of the largest retailers of digital music, providing countless choices of music, artists, and genres with continued and instant availability. As of February, 2010, Apple had sold more than 10 Billion songs on tunes alone (Arthur, 2010). Songs as well as other forms of entertainment such as videos, games and mobile applications, are available for purchase for instant download and accessibility. Even the large corporate giants have entered into the digital music game. Major retailers such as Best Buy and Wall-Mart sell music online as well as in their traditional stores together with merchandise ranging from groceries to home appliances.The ability for these online music retailers to offer millions of choices provides more revenue than that of being able to offer only a few different choices to consumers. Throughout the history of the recording industry, and the many changes that have taken place, there is one constant that remains; the society of the times dictates the trends and helps to shape the future of technological innovation. Amid the growth of the home computer industry, the metallization of music editing programs and devices gave up and coming artists the means to create their own digitally recorded music. By way of the internet, these same recordings were able to be easily uploaded to private or public websites with the possibility of being viewed or listened to by millions. Additionally, the metallization of internet radio has played its part as well. Internet radio stations, such as Pandora, contain music from countless independent artists who might have never been heard if the venue did not exist. The outcome of all this technology has helped to create a society that has become used to everything, everywhere, one that is comfortable with the three Cos of media convergence transformed to include all types of media. Pods have become the most popular portable music device; some have the ability to access the internet, send and receive emails, and even store and play pictures and video. Mobile phones and tablets also provide access to the internet, giving the end user the opportunity to shop and keep up with news and current events at any time of the day, anywhere there is a injection . Some of these devices can even be used as e-readers and store a library of magazines, stories, and novels. Convergence has allowed for businesses to profit in various different channels.Revenues come from the sales of albums in the retail stores, sales from the music videos that have become so popular with the younger crowds, ticket sales for live concert shows as well as revenues from digital downloads of either single songs or entire albums. Additionally, each time the method of recording changed, so did the systems that were sold to the masses to listen to them. From the early phonograph systems in the sasss to todays pods, phones, auto, home and computer playback systems, there are many companies that have also profited from each of the changes.Who knew that Thomas Editions newfangled invention of the time, a device that could reproduce the recorded sound, would end up being used in conjunction with early broadcasting and entertainment, and would help the industry grow to be $40 billion the sasss. As Rave (2008) states, convergence changes what was once a solitary activity, such as l istening to the radio, into a shared collective media experience. Receiving my music, news and entertainment together and immediately has become a way of life, but again, who knows what the future holds.